1. Introduction

The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering GATE stands as a pivotal examination for engineering and science graduates aiming to further their education or secure positions in public sector undertakings. GATE 2025 promises to open new avenues for aspirants, making awareness of its application timeline crucial. Missing the application deadline can delay academic and professional aspirations by an entire year.

2. GATE 2025 Overview

GATE 2025 is organized by the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), under the aegis of the National Coordination Board, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education. The examination is scheduled to be conducted in a Computer-Based Test (CBT) format on February 1, 2, 15, and 16, 2025. This format ensures a standardized assessment environment across various centers.

3. Application Timeline

Understanding the application timeline is essential:

• Opening of Application Portal: August 28, 2024
• Closing Date (Regular): October 3, 2024
• Extended Deadline (With Late Fee): October 11, 2024

It’s imperative to adhere to these dates to avoid last-minute hassles and additional fees.

4. Application Fees

The application fee varies based on the candidate’s category:

• Female/SC/ST/PwD Candidates:
  • Regular Period: ₹900
  • Extended Period: ₹1,400
• All Other Candidates:
  • Regular Period: ₹1,800
  • Extended Period: ₹2,300

Payments can be made online through net banking, debit/credit cards, or UPI.

5. Application Correction Window

Post-application submission, candidates are provided an opportunity to rectify errors:

• Correction Window Period: October 31 to November 20, 2024

During this period, candidates can edit details such as name, date of birth, category, and exam city preferences. It’s a crucial phase to ensure all information is accurate, as discrepancies can lead to disqualification.

6. Eligibility Criteria

Before diving headfirst into the GATE 2025 application, it’s critical to check if you meet the eligibility criteria. Applying without verifying your eligibility can result in the application being rejected during scrutiny. So, here’s what you need to know.

Educational Qualifications

GATE 2025 welcomes candidates from a wide range of academic backgrounds. Here’s a breakdown of the qualifying degrees:

• Bachelor’s degree in Engineering / Technology / Architecture (4 years after 10+2 or 3 years after Diploma).
• Master’s degree in any branch of Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Computer Applications or equivalent.
• Final-year students of qualifying degrees are also eligible to apply, provided they upload a certificate from their college/university.

Candidates from Arts and Commerce backgrounds are not eligible unless they have pursued relevant technical programs post-graduation.

International Applicants

GATE 2025 is open to candidates from countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Singapore, UAE, and Ethiopia. The only requirement? A degree equivalent to India’s undergraduate programs in engineering or science.

Age Limit

Good news — there is no age limit for appearing in GATE. Whether you’re a fresh graduate or someone looking to switch careers later in life, you’re welcome to apply.

Important Note

All eligibility documents, including mark sheets and degree certificates (or provisional), must be uploaded in PDF format during the application process. Any discrepancies or forged documents can lead to permanent debarment from the exam.

7. Exam Pattern

Understanding the exam pattern is like having the blueprint before building a house. Without it, your preparation lacks direction. GATE 2025 retains the core structure but includes some flexibility too.

Total Marks & Duration

• Total Duration: 3 hours (180 minutes)
• Total Marks: 100

Number of Questions

• General Aptitude (GA): 10 questions (15 marks)
• Subject-Specific Questions: 55 questions (85 marks)
• Total Questions: 65

Question Types

1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Only one correct answer. Negative marking for wrong answers.
2. Multiple Select Questions (MSQs): More than one correct answer. No negative marking.
3. Numerical Answer Type (NAT): No options provided; you must enter the correct number. No negative marking.

Marking Scheme

• 1-mark and 2-mark questions.
• Negative Marking: Only for MCQs.
  • 1-mark questions: 1/3 mark deducted for wrong answers.
  • 2-mark questions: 2/3 mark deducted.

Papers & Subject Codes

There are 29 different papers in GATE 2025, including:

• AE (Aerospace Engineering)
• BT (Biotechnology)
• CS (Computer Science and Information Technology)
• EC (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
• XL (Life Sciences)
• And more…

You can choose one or two papers, but be careful: both must be from the approved combinations provided by the conducting authority.

8. Syllabus Highlights

The syllabus is a mountain — and you can’t climb it without knowing the path. Here’s how you can break it down.

Core Sections Across All Papers

• General Aptitude (GA): Common for all. Includes Verbal Ability and Numerical Ability. Accounts for 15 marks, but those marks can make or break your result.
• Subject-Specific Topics: Varies depending on the paper selected. For instance:
  • Biotechnology (BT): Molecular Biology, Bioprocess Engineering, Plant and Animal Cell Culture.
  • Computer Science (CS): Data Structures, Algorithms, Operating Systems, Databases.

Weightage Distribution

A common pattern seen across GATE papers:

• 15% General Aptitude
• 85% Subject-Specific Questions

Life Sciences (XL) Paper Breakdown

If you’re from a life science background and plan to appear for the XL paper (which includes biology topics), here’s how it’s structured:

• Chemistry (Compulsory) – Section P
• Optional Sections (Any Two): Q to U (Biochemistry, Botany, Microbiology, Zoology, etc.)

9. Preparation Tips

If cracking GATE feels like trying to sip water from a fire hose, don’t worry. With the right prep strategy, you can tame the beast.

Start Early, Stay Ahead

• Begin at least 8-10 months before the exam.
• Spend the first 2 months brushing up on basics.
• Next 4 months for detailed subject revision and question practice.
• Final 3 months for mock tests and previous year questions.

Use the Right Study Material

• NCERT books for basics
• Standard reference books like:
  • For Biotechnology: Doran for Bioprocess, Nelson & Cox for Biochemistry
  • For CS: Galvin for OS, CLRS for Algorithms
• Enroll in Chandu Biology Classes for expert-guided preparation, especially for BT and XL aspirants.

Mock Tests & Previous Papers

• Solve at least 10-15 full-length mock tests
• Analyze mistakes — they’re gold mines for learning
• Practice previous 5–10 years’ papers

Stay Consistent

Create a daily routine, track your progress weekly, and don’t ignore your health. Sleep and diet play a bigger role than you might think.

10. Chandu Biology Classes: Your GATE Partner

When it comes to quality coaching for GATE, especially in life sciences and biotechnology, Chandu Biology Classes has become a trusted name.

Why Chandu Biology Classes?

• Expert Faculty: Led by seasoned educators with years of GATE coaching experience.
• Focused on BT & XL Papers: Specifically designed for Biotechnology and Life Sciences streams.
• Structured Courses: Topic-wise lectures, revision modules, test series, and doubt sessions.
• Flexible Learning: Both online and offline options available.
• Success Rate: High selection ratio — many rank holders credit their success to Chandu Biology Classes.

What Students Say

Past students rave about the clarity of concepts and the practical teaching style. It’s not just about reading — it’s about understanding.

Whether you’re a beginner or a repeater, Chandu Biology Classes helps you prepare with purpose.

11. Registration Process

The GATE 2025 registration process is online, streamlined, and user-friendly—but only if you know exactly what to do. Here’s your complete step-by-step guide to applying successfully.

Step-by-Step GATE 2025 Application Process

1. Visit the Official Website:
   Go to the GATE Online Application Processing System (GOAPS) portal. The official link is usually accessible via the organizing institute’s website—in this case, IIT Roorkee.
2. Register Yourself:
   Click on the ‘New Registration’ link. You’ll be asked to enter:
   • Your full name (as per your ID proof)
   • Valid email ID
   • Mobile number
   • Country of residence After submission, an OTP will be sent for verification.
3. Login and Fill Application Form:
   Use your registration credentials to log in. Then fill in details such as:
   • Personal information
   • Academic qualifications
   • GATE paper selection
   • Exam center preference (3 choices)
4. Upload Documents:
   Prepare these files in advance:
   • Passport-size photo
   • Signature
   • Eligibility document (degree certificate or provisional)
   • Category certificate (if applicable)
   • PwD certificate (if applicable)
5. Pay the Application Fee:
   Use UPI, debit card, credit card, or net banking to pay the application fee based on your category.
6. Submit and Download Confirmation:
   After successful payment, submit your application and download the confirmation page for your records.

Pro Tips

• Use a desktop/laptop instead of a mobile phone while applying.
• Double-check your email ID and phone number.
• Take a screenshot of your payment receipt.

12. Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even the most serious candidates often make simple, avoidable mistakes. Let’s ensure you don’t fall into those traps.

Application-Related Mistakes

• Missed Deadline: A last-minute rush could lead to server issues or payment failures. Set reminders and apply early.
• Incorrect Details: Wrong name, date of birth, or mismatched photo/signature formats can get your form rejected.
• Wrong Paper Selection: Choose the paper based on your academic background and future plans. Once submitted, changes may be allowed only in a limited correction window.

Document Upload Errors

• Blurry Images: Make sure your photo and signature are clear and meet the specified dimensions and format.
• Incorrect Certificate Formats: Only upload valid and updated documents, especially for reservation and eligibility claims.

During Preparation

• Ignoring General Aptitude: GA accounts for 15 marks. Ignoring it is like leaving free runs on the table.
• Not Revising: Reading once won’t help. Revision cycles are key to retention.
• Skipping Mock Tests: You need to simulate real exam conditions before D-day. Mock tests are not optional—they’re essential.

Coaching Confusion

Not all coaching institutes offer value. Stick with trusted names like Chandu Biology Classes, especially for Biotechnology and Life Sciences. Many students end up wasting money and time by choosing the wrong place to learn.

13. Post-Application Steps

After submitting your GATE 2025 application, what’s next? Here’s how to stay prepared and avoid surprises down the line.

Admit Card Download

• Release Date: January 3, 2025
• Log in to GOAPS and download your admit card in PDF format.
• Print multiple copies and save one digitally.

What’s on the Admit Card?

• Name and registration number
• Photo and signature
• Exam date, time, and center
• Important instructions

Note: No admit card = No entry. Carry a valid photo ID (Aadhar, Passport, Voter ID) on the exam day.

Exam Day Guidelines

• Reach the center at least 90 minutes early.
• Carry only essentials: Admit card, photo ID, and water bottle.
• Electronic devices, calculators, notes—all strictly prohibited.
• Use the virtual calculator provided on-screen.
• Follow all COVID-19 or health protocols if specified.

After the Exam

• Response Sheet: Uploaded within a week after the exam.
• Answer Key: Usually released 10–12 days after the exam.
• Challenge Window: If you believe there’s a mistake, you can challenge the answer key with a valid explanation and small fee.

14. Results and Counseling

The final leg of the GATE journey is what every aspirant waits for—the result and admission phase.

Result Announcement

• Date: March 16, 2025
• Login to GOAPS to check your scorecard.
• Scorecard validity: 3 years for M.Tech admissions and longer for PSU recruitments.

What’s on the Scorecard?

• GATE score
• All India Rank (AIR)
• Normalized score (for multi-session papers)
• Qualifying marks for your paper

Understanding Cut-offs

Cut-offs vary by:

• Paper
• Category (General/OBC/SC/ST)
• Institute or PSU

For example, a GATE BT score of 45+ (General category) is usually a safe zone for top M.Tech colleges.

M.Tech Admissions

Top institutes like IITs, IISc, NITs, and IIITs accept GATE scores. Admission is conducted through:

• COAP: For IITs
• CCMT: For NITs and IIITs

Each institute has its own eligibility and cut-off criteria. Keep checking their websites post-result.

Public Sector Jobs (PSUs)

A good GATE score also opens doors for jobs in:

• BHEL
• IOCL
• NTPC
• ONGC
• GAIL
• DRDO

Some of them release job notifications even before GATE results, so stay alert!

15. Conclusion and FAQs

Wrapping Up

The GATE 2025 journey starts with a simple step—applying on time. From there, it’s all about focused preparation, accurate documentation, and staying motivated. If you’re serious about excelling in Biotechnology or Life Sciences, Chandu Biology Classes can be your secret weapon.

Start early, stay consistent, and don’t let deadlines derail your dream.

WHAT IS GATE LIFE SCIENCES

The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is one of the most prestigious exams in India, opening doors to advanced education and promising career opportunities. The GATE Life Sciences exam, in particular, is designed for students with a background in biological sciences, aiming to test their understanding and knowledge in various related disciplines. This GATE Life Sciences exam is crucial for those seeking admission to postgraduate programs or aspiring for jobs in public sector companies. For students focused on GATE Life Sciences, thorough preparation in biological concepts is key to success, as this exam covers an array of life science topics essential for advancing in this field.

Chandu Biology Class offers LIVE interactive online classes tailored specifically for GATE Life Sciences students. Our online course is meticulously crafted to cover the entire GATE Life Sciences syllabus, including a thorough analysis of NET, DBT, ICMR, and GATE previous question papers. This program is enriched with detailed study materials, an online test series, and a perfect blend of classes, problem-solving practice, and doubt-clearing sessions to ensure success in GATE Life Sciences.

Prepare for GATE Life Sciences 2024 with our all-encompassing guide! In this video, we’ll dive into the GATE Life Sciences 2024 exam date, syllabus, and preparation techniques. Gain insights into the GATE Life Sciences 2024 question paper, answer key, and response sheet, and stay up-to-date with the GATE Life Sciences 2024 cut-off and result date to track your performance and plan future steps. We’ll also review the GATE Life Sciences 2023 question paper to provide insight into exam patterns and question difficulty.

Learn from the GATE Life Sciences 2024 topper’s strategies and build motivation to reach your goals. Don’t miss essential updates about the GATE Life Sciences 2024 result. Whether you’re preparing for the first time or looking to improve your score, our comprehensive overview will guide you every step of the way. Subscribe to our channel for more expert tips to stay ahead in your GATE Life Sciences 2024 preparation!

Exam Structure and Pattern

Overview of GATE Exam

The GATE exam is conducted annually by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). It evaluates the comprehensive understanding of various undergraduate subjects in engineering, technology, and science.

GATE Life Sciences Paper Structure

The Life Sciences (XL) paper is divided into three sections:

• General Aptitude (GA)
• Chemistry (Section P)
• Life Sciences Subjects (Sections Q to U)

Marking Scheme

The exam comprises multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and numerical answer type (NAT) questions. The total marks for the paper are 100, with the following distribution:

• General Aptitude: 15 marks
• Chemistry: 25 marks
• Life Sciences Subjects: 60 marks

Types of Questions

• MCQs: Each question has four choices, with one correct answer.
• NATs: Requires numerical answers entered via the virtual keyboard.

Sections in the Paper

Candidates must choose any two of the following sections:

• Biochemistry
• Botany
• Zoology
• Microbiology
• Food Technology

GATE EXAM : What’s New

• 1 New Paper – Data Science & Artificial Intelligence. The total number of subjects has increased to 30.
• In another newly introduced change, students applying for GATE EXAM 2025 can also opt for two different papers from the prescribed set of combinations.
• Eligibility criteria to appear for GATE-2025 is relaxed from the minimum 10+2+4 (ongoing) to minimum 10+2+3 (ongoing), enabling even those in the third year of their undergraduate studies to appear for the examination, thus providing an additional opportunity to candidates to improve their performance to secure better career options.
• All test papers of GATE EXAM 2025 will be entirely objective type. Pattern of questions may include (i) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), (ii) Multiple Select Questions (MSQ), and/or (iii) Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions.

Subjects With Code:

• XL-P – Chemistry
• XL-Q – Biochemistry
• XL-R – Botany
• XL-S – Microbiology
• XL-T – Zoology
• XL-U – Food Technology

GATE 2025 ELIGIBILITY

Anyone who has successfully completed 10+2+2 or 10+3+1 and currently studying in 3rd or higher years of any undergraduate degree program OR has already graduated in any government approved degree program in Engineering / Technology / Architecture / Science / Commerce / Arts is eligible to apply for GATE.

GATE Exam Pattern 2025

The given GATE exam highlights contain the mode of exam, duration, marking scheme, and more that help aspirants to make a well-planned preparation strategy.

GATE Exam Pattern 2025 – Paper Code Wise Subject Weightage

FAQs

How to start preparation for GATE life science?

GATE life sciences books?

GATE life sciences qualifying marks?

GATE 2025 Exam Pattern – Marking Scheme

Check the table for the GATE total marks for Mechanical, Civil, Computer Science, Electrical, and other courses.

GATE 2025 XL-P Chemistry Syllabus (Compulsory)

Section 1: Atomic Structure and Periodicity

Planck’s quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, comparison between Bohr’s model and quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom, electronic configuration of atoms and ions. Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle.

Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic size.

Section 2: Structure and Bonding

Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridization, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice energy (Born‐Haber cycle). HSAB principle.

Section 3: s, p and d Block Elements

Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d elements. Coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism.

Section 4: Chemical Equilibria

Osmotic pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their applications. Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp and Kx) for homogeneous reactions.

Section 5: Electrochemistry

Conductance, Kohlrausch law, cell potentials, EMF, Nernst equation, thermodynamic aspects and their applications.

Section 6: Reaction Kinetics

Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second order kinetics, catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions. Reversible and irreversible inhibition of enzymes.

Section 7: Thermodynamics

Qualitative treatment of state and path functions, First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff equation, heat of reaction, Hess’s law, heat of formation. Second law, entropy and free energy. Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation, free energy change and spontaneity, Free energy changes from equilibrium constant.

Section 8: Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms

Acids and bases, electronic and steric effects, Stereochemistry, optical and geometrical isomerism, tautomerism, conformers and concept of aromaticity. Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1, E2 and radical reactions, Hoffmann/Saytzeff rules, addition reactions, Markownikoff rule and Kharasch effect. Elementary hydroboration reactions. Grignard’s reagents and their uses. Aromatic electrophilic substitutions, orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups. Identification of common functional groups by chemical tests.

Section 9: Chemistry of Biomolecules

Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides. Peptide sequencing by chemical and enzymatic proteolytic methods. DNA sequencing by chemical and enzymatic methods. Carbohydrates (upto hexoses only). Lipids (triglycerides only). Principles of biomolecule purification-Ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Identification of these biomolecules and Beer-Lambert’s law.

GATE 2025 XL-Q Biochemistry Syllabus

Section 1 – Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding and function: Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin.

Section 2 – Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and Coenzymes; Metabolism and bioenergetics; Generation and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis: Calvin cycle.

Section 3 – Biochemical separation techniques: ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry.

Section 4 – Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Action potential; Transport across membranes; Membrane assembly and Protein targeting; Signal transduction; Receptor-ligand interaction; Hormones and neurotransmitters.

Section 5 – DNA replication, transcription and translation; Biochemical regulation of gene expression; Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis and DNA-microarray, Next generation sequencing; Gene silencing and editing.

Section 6 – Immune system: Innate and adaptive; Cell of the immune system; Active and passive immunity; Complement system; Antibody structure, function and diversity; B cell and T Cell receptors; B cell and T cell activation; Major histocompatibilty complex; Immunological techniques: Immuno diffusion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA, flow cytometry; monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

GATE 2025 XL-R Botany Syllabus

Section 1: Plant Systematics- Botanical nomenclature, history of plant taxonomy, diversity and classification of plants, APG system of plant classification; phylogenetics and cladistics, molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding; Centers for plant taxonomy and herbaria in India.

Section 2: Plant Anatomy- Anatomy of root, stem and leaves, floral organs, embryo and young seedlings, Primary and secondary meristems, stellar organization, vascular system and their ontogeny, xylem and phloem structure, secondary growth in plants and wood anatomy, plant cell structure and differences from animal cells.

Section 3: Plant development; cell and tissue morphogenesis- Life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata. Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot and root apical meristems. Transition to flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of floral organ patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; Xylem and phloem cell differentiation, photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin. Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids on plant development.

Section 4: Plant physiology and biochemistry- Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic and symplastic transport mechanisms. Mechanism of stomatal movements, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis; C3, C4 and CAM cycles, photorespiration, respiration: glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain. Plant responses and mechanisms of abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, freezing and heat stress, metal toxicity; role of abscisic acid in abiotic stresses. Structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme. Structure and biosynthesis of major plant secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids). Biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acids, brassinosteroid, ethylene, strigolactone, abscisic acid, salicylic and jasmonic acid. Senescence and programmed cell death.

Section 5: Genetics and Genomics – Cell cycle and cell division. Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; Introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing- transgene silencing, post transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA; evolution and organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression, gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: euploidy and aneuploidy and structural: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons. Model organisms for functional genetics and genomics; Introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.

Section 6: Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing- Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers, embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: micropropagation, embryo culture and in vitro regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of transgenic plants; Introduction to genome editing:
CRISPR/Cas9, Cre-Lox system to generate chimeras; plastid transformation; chemical mutagenesis.

Section 7: Economic and applied Botany- A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics. Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria. Major Indian cash crops. Effect of industrialization on agricultural botany such as plastic on fiber economy. Genetically modified crops and its regulation eg. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal golden rice etc.

Section 8: Plant Pathology – Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism(s) of pathogenesis, resistance: basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, gene for gene concept. Molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe interactions: symbionts and mycorrhiza, pathogens and pests. Signaling pathways in plant defence response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis; host-parasitic plant interaction (such as Cuscuta).

Section 9: Ecology and Environment- Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and energy flow through ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical zones, climate and flora endemism; pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, afforestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other organisms; epiphytes, parasites and endophytes.

FAQs

Q1. What is the last date to apply for GATE 2025 without a late fee?
A: October 3, 2024.

Q2. Can I change my GATE 2025 exam center after submitting the form?
A: Yes, but only during the correction window from October 31 to November 20, 2024.

Q3. How much is the late fee for GATE 2025?
A: ₹500 extra, applicable between October 4 and October 11, 2024.

Q4. Is coaching necessary for GATE?
A: Not mandatory, but highly recommended. Especially for competitive papers like Biotechnology (BT) and Life Sciences (XL), coaching like Chandu Biology Classes can boost your score.

Q5. What happens if I miss the application deadline?
A: You can apply during the late window with a penalty. After that, you must wait till next year.